The verb (дієслово /dijɛslowo/) — is a part of speech which describes the state or action of an object. It answers the questions: що робити?/що зробити? (what to do?).

Ukrainian verbs have such grammatical forms:

1. Infinitive.

2. Finite verbs.

3. Adjectival participle.

4. Adverbial participle.

5. Non-finite verbs.

Ukrainian verbs have such grammatical categories:

• Aspect: perfective and imperfective.

• Transivity: transitive and intransitive verbs.

• Voice: active, passive and reflexive-middle.

• Mood: indicative, subjunctive and imperative.

• Tense: past, present and future.

• Person: first, second and third.

• Number: singular and plural.

• Gender: masculine, feminine and neuter.

Read more about forms of the verb →

Personal pronouns

я [jɑ] — I (sing.); ти [tɪ] — you (sing.); він [wʲin] — he (sing., masculine); вона [wɔn'ɑ] — she (sing., feminine); воно [wɔn'ɔ] — it (sing., neuter); ми [mɪ] — we (pl.); вони [wɔn'ɪ] — they (pl.); ви [wɪ] — you (pl.).

Read more about other pronouns →

The pronoun (займенник /zɑjmɛ'n:ɪk/) is a part of speech which defines objects, qualities or quantities, without naming them.

They answer the questions: who? what? which? whose? how many?

Pronouns have genders, singular/plural form and change according to cases.

There are nine groups of pronouns in Ukrainian language:

1. Personal pronouns (особові займенники): я (I), ти (you), він, вона, воно (he/she/it), ми (we), ви (you), вони (they);

2. Possessive pronouns (присвійні займенники) мій (my/mine), твій (you/yours), його, її (his/its, her/hers), наш (our/ours), ваш (your/yours), їхній (their/theirs), свій;

3. Reflexive pronouns (зворотні займенники): себе (myself/herself/himself/herself/itself/ourselves/themselves/yourselves/oneself);

4. Interrogative pronouns (питальні займенники): хто? (who?), що? (what?), чий? (whose?), який? (what?), котрий? (which? what?);

5. Conjunctive pronouns (відносні займенники): хто (who), що (what), чий (whose), який (what), котрий (which, what);

6. Demonstrative pronouns (вказівні займенники): цей (this), той (that), такий (such), стільки (this much);

7. Defining pronouns (означальні займенники): всякий, усякий (every; any), весь, увесь, ввесь (all; whole), кожний, кожен (every), інший (another), сам (self; alone), самий (the one; the same);

8. Indefinite pronouns (неозначені займенники): хтось (somebody), щось (something), хто-небудь (somebody), будь-який (anything), будь-хто (anybody), будь-що (anything) etc.;

9. Negative pronouns (заперечні займенники): ніхто (nobody; no one), ніщо (nothing), ніякий (no; none; any), нічий (nobody's), ніскільки (not at all; not a bit; nothing).

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Here are some rules on how to use numerals and nouns in pairs:

• After numeral one (even if it is a part of a composite numeral) noun has Nominative singular form:

  21 день, двадцять один день (21 days);

  41 дерево, сорок одне дерево (41 trees);

  1 151 зірка, тисяча сто п'ятдесят одна зірка (1 151 stars).

• After numerals two and more noun has plural form:

  дві ручки (two pens),

  вісім комп'ютерів (eight computers),

  шістдесят років (sixty years).

• After numerals two, three, four (even if they are a part of a composite numeral) noun has Nominative plural form:

  32 метри, тридцять два метри (thirty-two metres);

  53 олівці, п'ятдесят три олівці (fifty-three pencils);

  364 дні, триста шістдесят чотири дні (three hundred sixty-four days).

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If you want to ask the time you should say:

Котра (зараз) година? — What time is it (now)?

or

О котрій годині? — At what time?

година — hour, feminine,

хвилина — minute, feminine,

Both of them decline like рука.

Now let's have a closer look on how to tell the time in Ukrainian.

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In the previous article we were talking about seasons and months. Now let's explore days of the week.

Every week consists of seven days and begins from Monday (понеділок) and ends with Sunday (неділя).

Days of the week in Ukrainian language are written in lower-cases.

Monday — понеділок (masc.); понеділки (pl.);

Tueasday — вівторок (masc.); вівторки (pl.);

Wednesday — середа (fem.); середи (pl.);

Thursday — четвер (masc.); четверги (pl.);

Friday — п'ятниця (fem.); п'ятниці (pl.);

Saturday — субота (fem.); суботи (pl.);

Sunday — неділя (fem.); неділі (pl.).

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In this set of articles I am going to write about time and everything (as much as I can) what is connected to it.

First of all, if you want to understand how to tell "what time is it now?" or to talk about when and where were you going on vacation or things like that, you will need to remember about grammar, of course, and proper usage of nouns (gender, cases), prepositions, numerals and other parts of speech.

Let's begin with some vocabulary and write down names of seasons and months in Ukrainian:

season — пора року (пора — feminine); пори року (pl.)

What season is it now? — Яка зараз пора року?

What seasons do you know? — Які пори року ти знаєш?

month — місяць (masculine); місяці (pl.)

What month is it now? — Який зараз місяць?

How many months are there in a year? — Скільки в році місяців?

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Here are types of declining of numerals in Ukrainian language:

1. Declining of numeral один (one)

Numeral один (одна, одне, одні) is declined as pronoun той (та, те, ті).

Stresses are underlined.

Read more about declining of numerals →

Ordinal numerals (with some exceptions) are formed by adding endings -ий/ій, -а/я, -е/є, -і to the corresponding cardinal numerals depending on the gender and number.

-ий/ій — masculine, singular;

-а/я — feminine, singular;

-е/є — neuter, singular;

-і — plural.

1-10

1 — перший, перша, перше, перші

2 — другий, друга, друге, другі

3 — третій, третя, третє, треті

4 — четвертий, четверта, четверте, четверті

5 — п'ятий, п'ята, п'яте, п'яті

6 — шостий, шоста, шосте, шості

7 — сьомий, сьома, сьоме, сьомі

8 — восьмий, восьма, восьме, восьмі

9 — дев'ятий, дев'ята, дев'яте, дев'яті

10 — десятий, десята, десяте, десяті

More ordinal numerals →