The adverb is an unchangable part of speech that defines means of action, state or other means.
Unlike other independent parts of speech (e.g. the noun or adjective) the adverb does not have genders, declensions, singular or plural forms.
Adverbs are created by changing other parts of speech like nouns, adjectives and pronouns.
For example:
ніч (night) — вночі (at night): noun — adverb
швидкий (quick) — швидко (quickly): adjective — adverb
мій (my) — по-моєму (roughly means "as for me"): pronoun — adverb
Adverbs can be divided in two main groups:
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Adverbs of quality, quantity and manner.
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Adverbs of time, place, intention and cause.
Adverbs of quality, quantity and manner
Adverbs of quality and manner: how?
Adverbs of quality and most of adverbs of manner end with -о, -е and are created by adding suffixes -о, -е to the stem of adjectives.
For example:
гарний (beautiful) — гарно (beautifully)
Він написав гарний вірш. — He has written (wrote) a beautiful poem.
Він гарно пише вірші. — He writes poems beautifully.
дешевий (cheap) — дешево (cheaply)
Ця машина дуже дешева. — This car is very cheap.
Ця машина коштує дуже дешево. — This car costs very cheaply.
Adverbs of quality can have comparative and superlative degrees of comparison which have simple and hard forms. Similar to adjectives I recommend to use the hard form.
Comparative degree:
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Simple form is created by adding suffixes -ше and -іше.
весело (cheerfully) — веселіше (more cheerfully)
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Hard form is created by adding words більш (more), менш (less) to the adverb.
дешево (cheaply) — більш дешево (more cheaply), менш дешево (less cheaply)
Superlative degree:
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Simple form is created by adding prefix най- to comparative adverb.
веселіше (more cheerfully) — найвеселіше (most cheerfully)
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Hard form is created by adding words найбільш (more), найменш (less) to the adverb.
дешево (cheaply) — найбільш дешево (most cheaply), найменш дешево (least cheaply)
Here are some useful adverbs:
добре — well
погано — badly
швидко — quickly
повільно — slowly
легко — easily
складно — difficult
гарно — beautifully
напам'ять — by heart
Adverbs of quantity: how many? how much?
By their meaning they are quite similar to English adverbs of degree.
For example:
дуже — very
занадто — too
багато — many, much, a lot
забагато — too many, too much
трохи — few, little, a bit
мало — few, little
замало — very few, very little
You can use some of these adverbs to increase or decrease the meaning of other adverbs (as well as comparative ones):
Вона дуже швидко бігає. — She runs very fast.
Він знає про цей фільм трохи більше ніж ти. — He knows about this movie a bit more than you.
Чи не могли б ви говорити трохи тихіше? — Would you mind talking a bit quiter?
Adverbs of time, place, intention and cause
Adverbs of time: when?
These describe when an action takes place.
Here are some useful adverbs:
сьогодні — today
вчора — yesterday
завтра — tomorrow
зараз, тепер — now
скоро — soon
рано — early
пізно — late
зранку — in the morning
вдень — in the afternoon
ввечері — in the evening
вночі — at night
Adverbs of place: where?
These describe where an action takes place.
Here are some useful adverbs:
тут — here
там — there
де — where
близько, поблизу — near
далеко — far
зверху — above
знизу — under
Adverbs of intention and cause: why? what for?
Here are some useful adverbs:
навмисне, навмисно — intentionally
наперекір — contrary
випадково, ненароком — accidentally
згарячу, зопалу — in warm blood
спросоння — half asleep